Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacwataráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwatarás.

Noun

*Hacwataráh m

1. mule

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hacwataráh	*Hacwatarā́	*Hacwatarā́
vocative	*Hacwatara	*Hacwatarā́	*Hacwatarā́
accusative	*Hacwatarám	*Hacwatarā́	*Hacwatarā́nh
instrumental	*Hacwatarā́	*HacwataráybyaH	*Hacwatarā́yš
ablative	*Hacwatarā́t	*HacwataráybyaH	*Hacwataráybyah
dative	*Hacwatarā́y	*HacwataráybyaH	*Hacwataráybyah
genitive	*Hacwataráhya	*Hacwataráyāh	*Hacwatarā́nam
locative	*Hacwataráy	*Hacwataráyaw	*Hacwataráyšu

Descendants

• Bactrian: ασποδαρο (aspoδar(o))
• Khwarezmian: اسپتیر (ʾsptyr)
• Gurani: ھەسەرە (hasara)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: hêstir

  Central Kurdish: ئێستر (êstir)

• Old Persian: [script needed] (*asa-tara)
  • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾstl /⁠astar⁠/)
    • Persian: استر (astar)