Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HaHcúkah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *HaHcúš (“fast, quick”) +‎ *-kah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHćúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁o-h₁ḱ-ú-s.^[1]^[2] Cognate with Sanskrit आशु (āśú, “fast, quick”), Ancient Greek ὠκύς (ōkús, “fast, swiff”), Latin ōcior (“swifter”), Proto-Celtic *dīākos (“lazy, unswift”) (whence Old Welsh diauc).^[3]^[4]

Noun

*HaHcúkah^[5]^[6]^[1]^[2]

deer, gazelle, chamois

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HaHcúkah	*HaHcúkā	*HaHcúkā
vocative	*HaHcúka	*HaHcúkā	*HaHcúkā
accusative	*HaHcúkam	*HaHcúkā	*HaHcúkānh
instrumental	*HaHcúkā	*HaHcúkaybyaH	*HaHcúkāyš
ablative	*HaHcúkāt	*HaHcúkaybyaH	*HaHcúkaybyah
dative	*HaHcúkāy	*HaHcúkaybyaH	*HaHcúkaybyah
genitive	*HaHcúkahya	*HaHcúkayāh	*HaHcúkānam
locative	*HaHcúkay	*HaHcúkayaw	*HaHcúkayšu

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (āskä, “deer”)
  - Wakhi: [script needed] (yukṣ̌, “mountain-goat”) (< earlier *yušk^[5])
    - → Khwarezmian: [script needed] (hʾkš)
    - → Sarikoli: [script needed] (yax̌, “wild goat”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾsk, “antelope”), [script needed] (ʾskʾn, “hind”)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾʾsʾwkʾ /⁠āsūk⁠/, “gazelle”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: اوسی (osáy), هوسى m (hosáy, “gazelle”), اوسۍ f (osë́y), هوسۍ (hosë́y), ووسۍ (wosë́y), وسۍ (wusë́y, “gazelle”) (< *HaHcukiH^[5])
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: [script needed] (āsk)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ئاسک (ask, “gazelle”)
  
  Northern Kurdish: ask (“gazelle”)
- Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
  - Gurani: ئاسک (āsk), Gurani: ئاسکە (āska, “gazelle”)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: [script needed] (*āθuka, “gazelle, chamois”)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠āhūk/, /āhūg⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫃 (ʾhwg), 𐫀𐫀𐫍𐫇𐫃 (ʾʾhwg)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhwkʾ)
    - Bakhtiari: [script needed] (ā̊hī)
    - Classical Persian: آهو (āhū)
      - → Gujarati: આહૂ (āhū)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “āśú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “*āśu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 179-180
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ὠκύς of 1677-1678
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ōcior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*āśu-ka-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 315-316
^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*āçauka-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 21

[IAIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “āśú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[EWAia-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “*āśu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 179-180

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ὠκύς of 1677-1678

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ōcior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

[ESIJa-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*āśu-ka-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 315-316

[6] Hinz, Walther (1975) “*āçauka-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 21

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