Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácru

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru.

Noun

*Hácru^[1]

tear

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: *asru
  - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥 (asrūazan)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Sogdiac
  - Sogdian: (/⁠ačku~ čašku⁠/) (>*Hácrukah) ^[2] ^[3]
    Sogdian script: [script needed] (cškw)
    
    Syriac script: ܐܨܦܘ (ʾckw)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: اوښه (óẍa), اوخه (úxa)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ارس (ars)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: hês(t)ir
  
  Central Kurdish: ئەسر (esr) (as in ئەسرین (esrîn))
  
  Southern Kurdish: ئەسر (esr)
  
  Laki: ئەسر (esr)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: ارسو (arsu)
    - Mazanderani: اسری (asri)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫢𐫐 (ʾšk /⁠ašk⁠/)
    - → Classical Persian: اشک (ašk)
      Dari: اشک (ašk)
      
      Iranian Persian: اشک (ašk)
      
      Tajik: ашҡ
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    Gurani: ھەرسی (harsī)
    
    Zazaki: hers(î)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Early Middle Persian: (/⁠asr⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫡 (ʾsr)
  - Late Middle Persian: (/⁠ars⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫘 (ʾrs)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾls)
    - Classical Persian: ارس (ars)
- Luri:
  Northern Luri: ںسر (əser)
  
  Bakhtiari: هںرس (hərs)
  - Aligudarzi: ںرس (ərs)
  Southern Luri: خںرس (xərs)
- Larestani: خَرس (xars)

References

^ Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003–) “اَرْس”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, page 78
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “cškw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 129
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾckw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 24

[1] Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003–) “اَرْس”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, page 78

[2] Gharib, B. (1995) “cškw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 129

[3] Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾckw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 24

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