Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čiθráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čitrás.

Adjective

*čiθráh

1. visible
2. beautiful

Noun

*čiθráh

1. appearance, likeness
2. nature, aspect
3. face

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ciθráh	*ciθrā́	*ciθrā́
vocative	*ciθra	*ciθrā́	*ciθrā́
accusative	*ciθrám	*ciθrā́	*ciθrā́nh
instrumental	*ciθrā́	*ciθráybyaH	*ciθrā́yš
ablative	*ciθrā́t	*ciθráybyaH	*ciθráybyah
dative	*ciθrā́y	*ciθráybyaH	*ciθráybyah
genitive	*ciθráhya	*ciθráyāh	*ciθrā́nam
locative	*ciθráy	*ciθráyaw	*ciθráyšu

Derived terms

• Proto-Iranian: *čiθrákah
  • Baluchi: چهرگ (čihrag)
  • Gilaki: چره (čəre)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: çehre (čahra)

  • Old Mazanderani: چیره (čēra ~ čīra)
    • Mazanderani: چیره (čīre)
  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫡𐫃 (cyhrg /⁠čihrag⁠/)

  • Pashto: څيره (cēra), څېره (cera)
  • → Old Persian: *čiθrakah
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠čihrag⁠/)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (cyhlk')

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭰𐭤𐭫𐭪𐭩 (chlky)

      • Classical Persian: چهره (čihra, “face”)
        • Dari: چهره (čihra)
        • Iranian Persian: چهره (čehre)
        • Tajik: чиҳра (čihra)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (ciθra)
    • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (gaociθra)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠gōčihr, gōzihr⁠/, “Dragon, lunar node; eclipse”)

        Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (gwcyhr)

        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwcyhl)

        • Classical Persian: گوزهر (gawzahr, “lunar node; a kind of reptile”)
          • → Arabic: جوزهر (jawzahar, “lunar node; Moon sphere”)
            • → Persian: جوزهر (jowzahar, “lunar node”)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Old Ossetic: τζηρθε (tzērthe)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: څېر (cer)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Old Mazanderani: چیر (čēr ~ čīr)
      • Mazanderani: چیر (čīr, “face”) (poetic)
    • Parthian: (/⁠čihr⁠/)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭔𐭉𐭇𐭓 (šyhr)

      Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫡 (cyhr)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎨𐎡𐏂 (c-i-ç /⁠čiçaʰ⁠/)
• → Old Persian: *ciθrah
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠čihr⁠/)

    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫡 (cyhr)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (cyhl)

    • Classical Persian: چهر (cihr)