Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ÁryānaHm

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

*Ā́ryānaHm^[1]

Etymology

From genitive plural of *Áryah.

Proper noun

*ÁryānaHm^[2]^[3]

(land) of the Aryans or Iranians; Eran

Derived terms

*Áryānaxšaθram (+ *xšaθrám (“kingdom, rule”))
- Parthian:
  Inscriptional Parthian script: [script needed] (ʾryʾnḥštr)
- Late Middle Persian: (/⁠Ērānšahr⁠/)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾylʾnštr)
  
  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (ʾyʿʾnštʿy), 𐭠𐭩𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (ʾylʾnštry)
  - Persian: ایرانشهر (irânšahr)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨 (aⁱriianąm), 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬨 (aⁱriianəm)
  - ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬨 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬋 (aⁱriianəm vaējō, “Airyanem Vaejah”)
    - → Parthian: (calque)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫀𐫗 𐫇𐫏𐫋𐫗 (ʾryʾn wyjn /⁠Aryān waižan⁠/)
    - → Late Middle Persian: (calque)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾylʾnwyc /⁠Ērānwēz⁠/)
      - Persian: ایران‌ویج (êrân-vêj)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *Aryānu
  - Proto-Sarmatian: *Allān
    - Alanic: *Allōn
      - Ossetian: аллон (allon, “a legendary ancient people”)^[4]^[5]
      - → Aghwan: 𐔰𐕅𐔴 (al'e, “elder”)
      - → Mingrelian: ალანი (alani, “Karachay; daring fellow, hero”)^[4]
    - → Ancient Greek: Ἀλᾱνοί (Alānoí)
      - → Latin: Alānus (see there for further descendants)
    - → Old Armenian: ալանք (alankʻ)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: (/⁠Aryān⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫀𐫗 ([ʾryʾ]n)
  
  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭓𐭉𐭀𐭍 (ʾryʾn)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *Aryānām^[6]^[3]
  - Late Middle Persian: (/⁠Ērān⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫡𐫀𐫗 (ʾyrʾn)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾylʾn')
    
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn), 𐭠𐭩𐭋𐭠𐭭 (ʾylʾn)
    - Persian: ایران (irân)
      - → English: Iran
    - → Old Armenian: Երան (Eran)
    - → Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫡𐫀𐫗 (ʾyrʾn /⁠Ērān⁠/)
  - → Elamite: 𒄯𒊑𒉿𒈾𒌝 (ḫar-ri-ya-na-um)^[6]^[3]
  - → Ancient Greek: Ἀριανοί (Arianoí)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 25
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*ari̭a- , *āri̭a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 222-224
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, §0. Name und Begriff „iranische Sprachen“, pages 1-7
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Abajev, V. I. (1958) “allon”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 47–48
^ Kim, Ronald (2003) “On the historical phonology of Ossetic: the origin of the oblique case suffix”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎^[1], volume 123, number 1, →DOI, pages 60, 62
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1973) Onomastica Persepolitana: Das Altiranische Namengut der Persepolis-Täfelchen [Onomastica Persepolitana: The Old Iranian Personal Names of the Persepolis Tablets] (in German), Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN, page 39

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 25

[ESIJa-2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) “*ari̭a- , *āri̭a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 222-224

[Schmitt-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, §0. Name und Begriff „iranische Sprachen“, pages 1-7

[Abaev-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Abajev, V. I. (1958) “allon”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 47–48

[5] Kim, Ronald (2003) “On the historical phonology of Ossetic: the origin of the oblique case suffix”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎^[1], volume 123, number 1, →DOI, pages 60, 62

[Mayrhofer-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1973) Onomastica Persepolitana: Das Altiranische Namengut der Persepolis-Täfelchen [Onomastica Persepolitana: The Old Iranian Personal Names of the Persepolis Tablets] (in German), Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN, page 39

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