Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sinȷ́ʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

An early borrowing from an unknown Central Asian substrate language *sengʰa ~ singʰa. Likely a Wanderwort; compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárguš (not derived from this form), Tocharian A śiśäk, Tocharian B ṣecake, Chinese 狻猊 (MC swan ngej), 獅 (OC *sri), Zhang-Zhung [script needed] (saṅgo), Tibetan སེང་གེ (seng ge), Chechen цӏокъ (cʼoqʼ), among other Caucasian cognates.

A late Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰós is reconstructable with a cognate Old Armenian ինձ (inj).

Proto-Bantu *ncímbá has a similar form to the Eurasian Wanderwort, but is likely unrelated.

Noun

*sinȷ́ʰás m

1. lion

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sinȷ́ʰas	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰā, -ās(as)
vocative	*sinȷ́ʰa	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰā, -ās(as)
accusative	*sinȷ́ʰam	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰāns
instrumental	*sinȷ́ʰā	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*sinȷ́ʰāyš
ablative	*sinȷ́ʰāt	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyas
dative	*sinȷ́ʰāy	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*sinȷ́ʰaybʰyas
genitive	*sinȷ́ʰasya	*sinȷ́ʰayās	*sinȷ́ʰāna(H)m
locative	*sinȷ́ʰay	*sinȷ́ʰayaw	*sinȷ́ʰayšu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sinźʰás
  • Sanskrit: सिंह (siṁhá) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 727
• Witzel, Michael (1999) Aryan and non-Aryan names in Vedic India: data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 BC‎^[4], page 5