Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pratʰamás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From an earlier *pratamás, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós, from *pro- (“toward, forward”) + *-tm̥mós (absolute superlative suffix) and influenced by the /tʰ/ in *-ištʰas. Cognate with Latin primus, Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos).

Numeral

*pratʰamás

Proto-Indo-Iranian ordinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : *Háykas     Ordinal : *pratʰamás

1. first

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰamás
  • Sanskrit: प्रथम (prathamá) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *fratamáh
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (prtmw)
  • Western Iranian:
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (fratama)
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠fradom⁠/)

          Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖 (prtwm)

          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pltwm)

          • Persian: فردم (fardom)
  • → Old Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)
    • Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)

Further reading

• Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*fratama-, *fraϑama-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 58-60