Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰáwtram

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tro-m, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”) +‎ *-trom.

Noun

*ȷ́ʰáwtram n

1. (religion) libation, offering, sacrifice

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ʰáwtram	*ȷ́ʰáwtray	*ȷ́ʰáwtraH
vocative	*ȷ́ʰáwtram	*ȷ́ʰáwtray	*ȷ́ʰáwtraH
accusative	*ȷ́ʰáwtram	*ȷ́ʰáwtray	*ȷ́ʰáwtraH
instrumental	*ȷ́ʰáwtrā	*ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰáwtrāyš
ablative	*ȷ́ʰáwtrāt	*ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ʰáwtrāy	*ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ʰáwtrasya	*ȷ́ʰáwtrayās	*ȷ́ʰáwtrāna(H)m
locative	*ȷ́ʰáwtray	*ȷ́ʰáwtrayaw	*ȷ́ʰáwtrayšu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰawtrám
  • Sanskrit: होत्र (hotrá)
• Proto-Iranian: *jawθrám
  • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬭𐬀 n (zaoθra)
    • → Middle Persian: zwhl (zōhr)
      • Persian: زور (zowr)
  • Old Persian: *zauçám
    • Middle Persian:
      • Persian: ژون (žun, “idol”)
  • → Old Armenian: *զորհ (*zorh), զոհ (zoh)
  • → Georgian: ზორვა (zorva)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܙܘܬܪܐ (zauθrā)
• >? Northern Kurdish: gorî (“victim”)

References

• Gherardo Gnoli (2004) “INDO-IRANIAN RELIGION”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York