Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wl̥kʷíh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *wĺ̥kʷos +‎ *-ih₂s.

Noun

*wl̥kʷíh₂s f^[1]

she-wolf

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*wl̥kʷíh₂s
genitive	*wl̥kʷih₂és
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wl̥kʷíh₂s	*wl̥kʷíh₂h₁(e)	*wl̥kʷíh₂es
vocative	*wl̥kʷíh₂	*wl̥kʷíh₂h₁(e)	*wl̥kʷíh₂es
accusative	*wl̥kʷíh₂m̥	*wl̥kʷíh₂h₁(e)	*wl̥kʷíh₂m̥s
genitive	*wl̥kʷih₂és	*?	*wl̥kʷih₂óHom
ablative	*wl̥kʷih₂és	*?	wl̥kʷih₂mós, wl̥kʷih₂bʰós
dative	*wl̥kʷih₂éy	*?	wl̥kʷih₂mós, wl̥kʷih₂bʰós
locative	wl̥kʷíh₂, wl̥kʷíh₂i	*?	*wl̥kʷih₂sú
instrumental	*wl̥kʷih₂éh₁	*?	wl̥kʷih₂mís, wl̥kʷih₂bʰís

Alternative reconstructions

*wl̥kʷíHs^[2]
*wl̥kʷíh₁s^[3]
*wl̥kʷyéh₂s ~ *wl̥kʷih₂és^[4]

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wilkī́ˀ
- ⇒? Lithuanian: vìlkė (“she-wolf”), vil̃kė (“she-wolf”)
- ⇒? Lithuanian: vilkijà (“a pack of wolves”)
- ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wilkī́ˀkāˀ
  - Proto-Slavic: *vьlčìca
Proto-Germanic: *wulgī (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wr̥kíHs
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wr̥kíHs
  - Sanskrit: वृकी (vṛkī́)

References

^ Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 67: “*wl̥kʷ-ih₂-s”
^ Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2095: “*wl̥kʷíhₓs”
^ Widmer, Paul (2005) “Der altindische vrki-Typus und hethitisch nakki”, in Die Sprache‎^[1], volume 45, numbers 1-2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz
^ Meier-Brügger, Michael (2002) Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft, 8th edition, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, W. 204, page 291

[1] Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 67: “*wl̥kʷ-ih₂-s”

[2] Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2095: “*wl̥kʷíhₓs”

[3] Widmer, Paul (2005) “Der altindische vrki-Typus und hethitisch nakki”, in Die Sprache‎^[1], volume 45, numbers 1-2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz

[4] Meier-Brügger, Michael (2002) Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft, 8th edition, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, W. 204, page 291

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