Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/térh₂uti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Athematic u-present of *terh₂- (“to overcome”).
Verb
[edit]*térh₂uti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4]
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, athematic, active only | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *térh₂uti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *tr̥h₂wénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *térh₂umi | *térh₂wm̥ | — | *térh₂uoh₂ | *tr̥h₂uyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *térh₂usi | *térh₂us | *térh₂u, *tr̥h₂udʰí | *térh₂uesi | *tr̥h₂uyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *térh₂uti | *térh₂ut | *térh₂utu | *térh₂ueti | *tr̥h₂uyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *tr̥h₂uwós | *tr̥h₂uwé | — | *térh₂uowos | *tr̥h₂wih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *tr̥h₂utés | *tr̥h₂utóm | *tr̥h₂utóm | *térh₂uetes | *tr̥h₂wih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *tr̥h₂utés | *tr̥h₂utā́m | *tr̥h₂utā́m | *térh₂uetes | *tr̥h₂wih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *tr̥h₂umós | *tr̥h₂umé | — | *térh₂uomos | *tr̥h₂wih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *tr̥h₂uté | *tr̥h₂uté | *tr̥h₂uté | *térh₂uete | *tr̥h₂wih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *tr̥h₂wénti | *tr̥h₂wént | *tr̥h₂wéntu | *térh₂uonti | *tr̥h₂wih₁ént |
| Participle | *tr̥h₂wónts | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- *tr̥h₂w-ónt-s[5]
- Proto-Anatolian: *tr̥Hʷánts (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tr̥Hwáns (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Anatolian: *térHʷti ~ *tr̥Hʷánti[5]
- Hittite: 𒋻𒄴𒍣 (tar-uḫ-zi, “to overpower”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥Hwati (“to overcome, be able”) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “4. ter-, terə-:tr̥̄-, trā-, teru-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1074-1075
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*terh₂-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 633-634: “*térh₂/tr̥h₂-u-”
- ^ Elbourne, Paul (2000) “Plain Voiceless Stop plus Laryngeal in Indo-European”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, volume 113, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →JSTOR, page 13: “*tr̥Hweo-”
- ^ Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 72: “*térh₂-u-/ *tr̥h₂-u-́”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “tarḫu-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 835-839