Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mórǵs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly derived from the verb underlying Hittite [script needed] (mārki, “to divide, separate”).^[1] Latin merx might also be related.

Noun

*mórǵs (oblique stem *mr̥ǵ-)^[2]^[3]

boundary, border

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*mórǵs
genitive	*mr̥ǵés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mórǵs	*mórǵh₁(e)	*mórǵes
vocative	*mórǵ	*mórǵh₁(e)	*mórǵes
accusative	*mórǵm̥	*mórǵh₁(e)	*mórǵm̥s
genitive	*mr̥ǵés	*?	*mr̥ǵóHom
ablative	*mr̥ǵés	*?	mr̥ǵmós, mr̥ǵbʰós
dative	*mr̥ǵéy	*?	mr̥ǵmós, mr̥ǵbʰós
locative	mórǵ, mórǵi	*?	*mr̥ǵsú
instrumental	*mr̥ǵéh₁	*?	mr̥ǵmís, mr̥ǵbʰís

Derived terms

*morǵ-o-s^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *marȷ́as
  - Proto-Iranian: *marjah
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀 m (mar^əza, “border, district”)
    - Parthian: [Manichaean needed] (mrz /⁠marz⁠/, “border”)
      - → Old Armenian: մարզ (marz) (see there for further descendants)
    - Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mlc /⁠marz⁠/, “boundary, march”)
      - Persian: مَرْز (marz)
*morǵ-i-s
- Proto-Celtic: *mrogis (with *-rV- as in the zero grade *-mrig- seen in Latin Nitiobrigēs^[2])
*morǵ-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *markō (“boundary, border”)
*mr̥ǵ-n-^[5]
- Proto-Italic: *marg-en-
  - Latin: margō (“border, edge”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Sanskrit: मर्यादा (maryā́dā) (possibly)

References

^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “mārk-ⁱ / mark-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 558-9
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Weiss, Michael (2012) “Interesting i-stems in Irish”, in Adam I. Cooper, Jeremy Rau and Michael Weiss, editors, Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European linguistics in honor of Alan J. Nussbaum on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, Ann Arbor, New York: Beech Stave Press, page 350
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 288: “*morĝ-”
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*markō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “margō, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365