Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷels-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷels-^[1]^[2]

to pull, drag
to turn

Related terms

*kʷel-

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *karš-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *karṣ-
  - Sanskrit: कृष् (kṛṣ)

Derived terms

*kʷéls-e-ti (root present)
- Proto-Anatolian: *kʷélseti
  - Hittite: 𒄢𒀸𒍣 (gul-aš-zi /⁠kʷlStˢi⁠/, “to scratch, carve, engrave”), 𒄢𒊭𒀭𒍣 (gul-ša-an-zi /⁠kʷlSantˢi⁠/, 3pl.pres.act.) (apparently generalized from the weak forms)^[3]
  - ⇒ Luwian: [script needed] (*gulza/i-, “engraving”)
    - → Hittite: [script needed] (gulzi-)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káršati
  - Proto-Iranian: *káršati
    - Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (karšaⁱti)
    - Persian: کشیدن (kašidan)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárṣati
    - Sanskrit: कर्षति (karṣati, “draw, pull, drag”)^[4]
*kʷéls-o-m
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélson (otherwise from *kʷél(h₁)-es-)
  - >? Ancient Greek: τέλσον (télson, “end, limit”)^[5] (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Luwian: [script needed] (gulzā(i)-, “to draw”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kʷels-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 388
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “639”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 639
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “gulš-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 492–493
^ Monier Williams (1899) “kṛṣ-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0306.
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέλσον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1464

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kʷels-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 388

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “639”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 639

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “gulš-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 492–493

[4] Monier Williams (1899) “kṛṣ-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0306.

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τέλσον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1464

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