Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃elh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁elh₃-^[1]

Root

*h₃elh₁-

to fall, to collapse
to destroy/be destroyed

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃elh₁- (6 c, 0 e)

*h₃élh₁-ti ~ *h₃l̥h₁-énti (root athematic present)
- Proto-Italic: *olō
  - Umbrian: holtu
*h₃élh₁-né-h₃-ti ~ *h₃élh₁-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *ólnūmi
  - Ancient Greek: ὄλλῡμι (óllūmi, “to destroy, lose, ruin”)
*h₃olh₁-eie- ~ *h₃olh₁-eio- (“to bring down”, causative, intensive or iterative formation)^[2]^[3]
- Proto-Italic: *oleō (“to wipe out”)
  - ⇒ Latin: aboleō (as with prefix ab-, see below)
  - ⇒ Latin: dēleō (with prefix de-)
*h₃elh₁-dʰro-
- Proto-Hellenic: *óletʰros
  - Ancient Greek: ὄλεθρος (ólethros)
⇒ *h₂po-h₃lh₁- (compound with *h₂pó, or originally with *po-?^[2]; sometimes with n-infix)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: pult
  - Lithuanian: pulti (“to fall”)^[4]
  - Old Prussian: aupallai^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *fallaną (with n-infix, via Pre-Germanic *peh₃l-n-é-)^[6]^[7] (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἀπόλλῡμι (apóllūmi) (with n-infix, as if ἀπό- (apó-) +‎ ὄλλῡμι (óllūmi))
- Italic:
  - ⇒? Latin: aboleō^[2] (causative formation, see above) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [script needed] (hu-ul-la-a-i, “he defeated, destroyed”)
- Armenian:
  - >? Old Armenian: աղէտ (ałēt, “pity, grief, disaster”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
  - Old Armenian: աղունք (ałunkʻ, “bitterness, grief, trouble”)
  - Old Armenian: եղեռն (ełeṙn, “calamity, disaster”) (see there for further descendants)
  - >? Old Armenian: եղծ (ełc, “spoilt, fake; refutation”) (probably) (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic:
  - Brythonic:
    - ⇒ Middle Breton: el-boet (“hunger”)
      - ⇒ Breton: ol-buid (“food shortage”)
  - ⇒ Old Irish: el-tes (“tepidity”) (possibly)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ὀλέκω (olékō, “to ruin, destroy, kill”)
  - Ancient Greek: ὀλοός (oloós, “destructive, deadly”) (< *ὀλοϜός < *ὀλεϜός)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1069f
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1070
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “pulti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372
^ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988) “aupallai”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[1] (in Lithuanian), volume 1, Vilnius: Mokslas, pages 119–120
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “vallen”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[3] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 298
Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ol-(e)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 777
Pokorny, Julius (1959) “⁵el-, ol-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 306

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1069f

[de_Vaan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1070

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “pulti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[5] Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988) “aupallai”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[1] (in Lithuanian), volume 1, Vilnius: Mokslas, pages 119–120

[6] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[7] Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “vallen”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[3] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

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