Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂rew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂rew-^[1]^[2]

to shine, glow

Derived terms

*h₂réw-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hráwati
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hráwati^[3]
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHráwati^[3]
      - Ossetian: (“to scorch in the fire”)
        Digor Ossetian: арауун (arawun)
        
        Iron Ossetian: арауын (arawyn)

*h₂row-éye-ti (eye-caustive)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrāwáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hrāwáyati
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patiHrāwáyati^[2]
      - >? Khwarezmian: [script needed] (pcr’w- /⁠patsrāway-⁠/, “to make warm”) (or from *srew-^[4])

*h₂ru-yé-ti (ye-deponent)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hruyáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hruyáti
    - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patiHruyáti^[2]
      - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (pcry- /⁠patsruy-⁠/, “to become warm”)^[3] (or from *srew-^[4])

*h₂réw-i-s^[5]^[6]^[2]^[7] (leveled from *h₂rów-i-s ~ *h₂réw-i-s?) or *h₂réw-ōy ~ *h₂réw-y-és^[8]^[9]
- Proto-Armenian: *arew-u(y) ~ *areg-i-s^[8]
  - Old Armenian: արեգ (areg, “solar; eastern”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Old Armenian: արև (arew, “the sun; sunlight”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hráwiš
  - Sanskrit: रवि (ravi, “the sun”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *h₂rowe-yé-ti (ye-denominative)^[8]
  - Proto-Armenian:
    - Old Armenian: յարագեմ (yaragem, “to expose to the sun”)

*h₂réw-ti-s ~ *h₂ru-téy-s^[2]
- Proto-Celtic: *rutis
  - ⇒? Proto-Celtic: *ruteinos (“shiny reddish, rust colored”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *rutis (“redness”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *rutelos
    - >? Latin: rutilus (“ruddy colored”) (usually cited as from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)) (see there for further descendants)

*h₂ru-nó-s^[10]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - ⇒ Hittite: [script needed] (h̬a-ru-wa-na-a-iz-zi)

*h₂ru-tó-s^[2]
- Proto-Italic: *rutos^[2]^[11]
  - Latin: *rutus
    - ⇒? Latin: Rutulī^[11]
  - Venetic: *rutos
    - ⇒? Latin: Rutuba (cognomen of a Venetian)^[11]
    - ⇒? Latin: Rutus, Rutius^[2]

References

^ Eichner, Heiner (1978) “Die urindogermanische Wurzel *H₂reu ‘hell machen’”, in Die Sprache (in German), volume 24, number 2, pages 144–162
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 Schaffner, Stefan (2016/17) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Rost, Korrosion’”, in Luschützky, Hans Christian, Nedoma, Robert, Schumacher, Stefan, editors, Die Sprache: Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1], number 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 102-123: “Grundform uridg. *h₂reu̯-i- zu einer Wurzel *h₂reu̯-; ti-Abstraktum *h₂reu̯-ti- ‘(rötlicher, goldgelber) Strahl, Glanz; Röte’; *Rutus (< *rutos < *h₂ru-tó-s ‘rötlich, gelbrot gefärbt’)”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hrau ‘to warm’”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*srew-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[2]
^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017–2018) “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Armenian, page 1080: “*h₂reu̯i-”
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “ravi-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 440: “Idg. *h₂reu̯-i-”
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ravi-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 412: “IE form: h₂reu-i-”
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “*areg-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 135-136; 757: “an old HD i-stem: nom. *h₂réu-ōi- > PArm. *arew-u(y) , gen. *h₂r(e)w-i-ós (rather than *h₂reu̯-os, as is frequently assumed) > PArm. *areg-i-; probably from *h₂rou̯-eie- < *h₂reu-i-”
^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 109
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “h̬aru(u̯a)nae-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 317-318: “*h₂ru̯(o)no-”
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki‎^[4], number 2, Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press, →DOI, pages 9-50

[1] Eichner, Heiner (1978) “Die urindogermanische Wurzel *H₂reu ‘hell machen’”, in Die Sprache (in German), volume 24, number 2, pages 144–162

[Schaffner-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 Schaffner, Stefan (2016/17) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Rost, Korrosion’”, in Luschützky, Hans Christian, Nedoma, Robert, Schumacher, Stefan, editors, Die Sprache: Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft‎^[1], number 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 102-123: “Grundform uridg. *h₂reu̯-i- zu einer Wurzel *h₂reu̯-; ti-Abstraktum *h₂reu̯-ti- ‘(rötlicher, goldgelber) Strahl, Glanz; Röte’; *Rutus (< *rutos < *h₂ru-tó-s ‘rötlich, gelbrot gefärbt’)”

[EDIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hrau ‘to warm’”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192

[LIV2"-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2024) “*srew-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[2]

[5] Olsen, Birgit Anette (2017–2018) “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Armenian, page 1080: “*h₂reu̯i-”

[6] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “ravi-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 440: “Idg. *h₂reu̯-i-”

[7] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ravi-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 412: “IE form: h₂reu-i-”

[EDAIL-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “*areg-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 135-136; 757: “an old HD i-stem: nom. *h₂réu-ōi- > PArm. *arew-u(y) , gen. *h₂r(e)w-i-ós (rather than *h₂reu̯-os, as is frequently assumed) > PArm. *areg-i-; probably from *h₂rou̯-eie- < *h₂reu-i-”

[9] Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 109

[10] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “h̬aru(u̯a)nae-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 317-318: “*h₂ru̯(o)no-”

[Prosper-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki‎^[4], number 2, Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press, →DOI, pages 9-50

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