Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent, glittering”). Probably entered the vocabulary with the meaning 'white metal, (probably) silver' around 3,500 BC.^[1]

Noun

*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm n^[2]^[3]

silver

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm
genitive	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁)	*h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂
vocative	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁)	*h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂
accusative	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁)	*h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂
genitive	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo	*?	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóHom
ablative	*h₂r̥ǵn̥téad	*?	h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos, h₂r̥ǵn̥tóbʰos
dative	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóey	*?	h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos, h₂r̥ǵn̥tóbʰos
locative	h₂r̥ǵn̥téy, h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy	*?	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóysu
instrumental	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóh₁	*?	*h₂r̥ǵn̥tṓys

Descendants

Proto-Armenian: *arcant-^[4]
- Old Armenian: արծաթ (arcatʻ) (or borrowed from an Indo-Iranian cognate^[4])
  - Armenian: արծաթ (arcatʻ)
Proto-Celtic: *argantom (< *h₂erǵn̥t-ó-m^[3]) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥ȷ́atám^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hraȷ́atám (< *h₂reǵn̥t-ó-m^[2])
  - Sanskrit: रजत (rajatá) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥jatám
  - Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ər^əzata)
  - Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎫 (a-r-d-t /⁠ardata⁠/)
    - Persian: آلی (âli, “silver”) (Yazidi, rd> l , ta>∅) ^[6]
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠arzīz⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫉 (ʾrzyz)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlcyc)
    - Persian: ارزیز (arziz)
  - Proto-Scythian: arzatam (Saqqez inscription)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (āljsata-)
    - Ossetian: ӕрзӕ́т (ærzǽt)
Proto-Italic: *argentom^[7] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Mallory, James P. (1984) “Proto-Indo-European Silver”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎^[1], volume 1, number 97, Göttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, retrieved 2018 May 7, pages 1–12
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “akra- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18: “h₂reǵ-nt-o-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 138–139
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 231
^ , Kent, Ronald G; Old Persian, Grammer, Text, Lexicon; Univerity of pennysilvania; 1950 p:171.
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “argentum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53: “*argento-”

[1] Mallory, James P. (1984) “Proto-Indo-European Silver”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎^[1], volume 1, number 97, Göttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, retrieved 2018 May 7, pages 1–12

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “akra- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18: “h₂reǵ-nt-o-”

[Delamarre-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”

[Martirosyan-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 138–139

[5] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 231

[6] , Kent, Ronald G; Old Persian, Grammer, Text, Lexicon; Univerity of pennysilvania; 1950 p:171.

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “argentum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53: “*argento-”

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