Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *h₂erǵ- (“white, argent, glittering”). Probably entered the vocabulary with the meaning 'white metal, (probably) silver' around 3,500 BC.[1]
Noun
[edit]Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | ||
| genitive | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂ |
| vocative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂ |
| accusative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy(h₁) | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téh₂ |
| genitive | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tósyo | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóHom |
| ablative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téad | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos, *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóbʰos |
| dative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóey | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tómos, *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóbʰos |
| locative | *h₂r̥ǵn̥téy, *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóy | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóysu |
| instrumental | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóh₁ | *? | *h₂r̥ǵn̥tṓys |
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Armenian: *arcant-[4]
- Proto-Celtic: *argantom (< *h₂erǵn̥t-ó-m[3]) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥ȷ́atám[5]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hraȷ́atám (< *h₂reǵn̥t-ó-m[2])
- Sanskrit: रजत (rajatá) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥jatám
- Avestan: 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀 (ərəzata)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎭𐎫 (a-r-d-t /ardata/)
- Middle Persian: (/arzīz/)
- Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫉 (ʾrzyz)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlcyc)
- Persian: ارزیز (arziz)
- Proto-Scythian: arzatam (Saqqez inscription)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (āljsata-)
- Ossetian: ӕрзӕ́т (ærzǽt)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hraȷ́atám (< *h₂reǵn̥t-ó-m[2])
- Proto-Italic: *argentom[7] (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Mallory, James P. (1984) “Proto-Indo-European Silver”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung[1], volume 1, number 97, Göttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, retrieved 2018 May 7, pages 1–12
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “akra- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18: “h₂reǵ-nt-o-”
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*arganto-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 41: “h₂erǵnto-"”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 138–139
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 231
- ^ , Kent, Ronald G; Old Persian, Grammer, Text, Lexicon; Univerity of pennysilvania; 1950 p:171.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “argentum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53: “*argento-”