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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂m̥bʰi

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Following Jasasoff,[1] usually claimed to be from earlier *h₂n̥t-bʰi, a petrified variant of the instrumental plural *h₂n̥t-mís of *h₂ént-s (“forehead, front”).[2][3][4][5][6] Compare *h₂m̥-bʰ-óh₁ (“both”).

    However, as the semantic development of "with foreheads" to "around" is questionable, Dunkel instead derives *án-bʰi (“around”) from *án (“on the other side”) +‎ *-bʰi (adverbial locative suffix).[7]

    Adverb

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    *h₂m̥bʰi[5][4][8][9]

    1. around, on either side of, about
    2. in exchange for
    3. facing, to, towards, against

    Alternative reconstructions

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    Derived terms

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    • Proto-Armenian:

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Albanian: *ambi[11]
    • Proto-Celtic: *ambi, *ambi-[10] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *umbi[2] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ampʰí (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Habʰí[6][8] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *amβi[5] (see there for further descendants)

    References

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    1. ^ Jay Jasanoff (1976) “Gr. ἄμφω, lat. ambo et le mot indo-européen pour ‘l’un et l’autre’ [Gr. ἄμφω, lat. ambo and the Indo-European word for ‘both’]”, in Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique‎[1], volume 71, pages 125-131
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*umbi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀμφί”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 389.2.C.a., page 410
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ambi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “abhí”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 35-40
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[4] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 91-92
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “amboɫǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill
    10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ambi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
    11. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mbë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 250
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