Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ólos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*h₁ólos m (non-ablauting)^[1]^[2]^[3]

awl

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₁ólos
genitive	*h₁ólosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁ólos	*h₁óloh₁	*h₁óloes
vocative	*h₁óle	*h₁óloh₁	*h₁óloes
accusative	*h₁ólom	*h₁óloh₁	*h₁óloms
genitive	*h₁ólosyo	*?	*h₁óloHom
ablative	*h₁ólead	*?	h₁ólomos, h₁ólobʰos
dative	*h₁óloey	*?	h₁ólomos, h₁ólobʰos
locative	h₁óley, h₁óloy	*?	*h₁óloysu
instrumental	*h₁óloh₁	*?	*h₁ólōys

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *alaz^[3] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hā́raH f (< *h₁ól-eh₂)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hā́raH^[2]
  - Sanskrit: आरा (ā́rā)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Nuristani:
  - Northern Nuristani:
    - Kamkata-viri:
      Kamviri: ařë́
      
      Kativiri: vóř
  - Southern Nuristani:
    - Ashkun: ák
    - Waigali: aẓ
- → Proto-Finno-Ugric: *ora^[2]^[5] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 19: “*hₓólehₐ- 'awl'”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “ā́rā-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 173: “*(H)óleh₂- f. (bzw. *(H)ólo- m.)”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ala(n)-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 19: “*h₁oh₁-ló-”
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āˊrā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press.
^
^{The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): head=ora
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[3], Helsinki, page 7

[1] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 19: “*hₓólehₐ- 'awl'”

[EWAia-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “ā́rā-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 173: “*(H)óleh₂- f. (bzw. *(H)ólo- m.)”

[Kroonen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ala(n)-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 19: “*h₁oh₁-ló-”

[4] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āˊrā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press.

[5] {The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): head=ora
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[3], Helsinki, page 7

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