Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰeh₁bʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰebʰ-

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*gʰabʰ-^[1]
*gʰeHb⁽ʰ⁾-^[2]^[3]

Root

*gʰeh₁bʰ- or *ǵʰeh₁bʰ-^[4]^[5]

to grab, take

Reconstruction notes

The surface ablaut a ~ ē is somewhat unusual, but Italo-Celtic *a can result from “syllabic” *H̥, thus *h₁ ~ *eh₁ appears to be the best match. The instances of full-grade ē may be analogical, however, so the laryngeal cannot be reconstructed with certainty.^[5] Zero grades shown below use *h̥₁, but note that the existence of syllabic laryngeals in synchronic PIE is disputed.
See *gʰebʰ-, which is often taken to be the same root, for more possible descendants; see Schrijver's arguments for a rejection of this.^[4]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ- (14 c, 0 e)

*gʰéh₁bʰ-t ~ *gʰh̥₁bʰ-ént (root athematic aorist)
- Proto-Italic: *hēpai
  - Oscan: hipid (3.sg.perf.subj.), hipust (3.sg.fut.perf.)
    - ⇒ Oscan: pruhipid (3.sg.perf.subj.), pruhipust (“to prevent”, 3.sg.fut.perf.)

*gʰh̥₁bʰ-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)
- Proto-Italic: *habēō or *haβēō
  - Latin: habeō (see there for further descendants)
  - Umbrian: 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 (habia, 3.sg.pres.subj.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄𐌕𐌖 (habetu), habitu (3.sg.ipv.II), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌖 (habetutu), habituto (3.pl.ipv.II), habiest (3.sg.fut.), habus (3.sg.fut.perf.), habuerent (3.pl.fut.perf.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄 (habe, “to have, hold”, 3.sg.pr.act/pass.), habe
    - ⇒ Umbrian: 𐌍𐌄𐌉𐌛𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌀𐌔 (neiřhabas, pres.subj.) (+ negation and ař-)
    - ⇒ Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 (prehabia), 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌇𐌖𐌁𐌉𐌀 (prehubia, “to furnish, achieve”, 3.sg.pres.subj.) (+ pre-)
    - ⇒ Umbrian: 𐌇𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌖 (hahtu), 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌖 (hatu), hatu (3.sg.ipv.II), 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌖 (hatutu), hatuto (“to grab”, 3.pl.ipv.II) (suffixless imperatives)

*gʰh̥₁bʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Celtic: *gabyeti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *habiō or *haβiō
  - Oscan: haieist (3.sg.fut.)

*gʰoh₁bʰ-eh₂ye-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gāˀbāˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *gabati (see there for further descendants)

*gʰh̥₁bʰ-leh₂
- Proto-Celtic: *gablā (“fork”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ghabh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 407–409
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*⁽g̑⁾ʰeHb-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 195–196
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gab-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 148–149
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 1.4.1.1. Material, pages 92–93, s.v. “habēre”
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “habeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ghabh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 407–409

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*⁽g̑⁾ʰeHb-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 195–196

[EDPC-3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gab-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 148–149

[RPIELL-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 1.4.1.1. Material, pages 92–93, s.v. “habēre”

[EDL-5] 5.0 ^5.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “habeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278

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