Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrugʰís

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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Most likely a wanderwort that spread in post-PIE times.[1]

Noun

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*Hrugʰís m

  1. rye

Inflection

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Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *Hréwgʰis
genitive *Hrugʰéys
singular dual plural
nominative *Hréwgʰis *Hréwgʰih₁(e) *Hréwgʰeyes
vocative *Hréwgʰi *Hréwgʰih₁(e) *Hréwgʰeyes
accusative *Hréwgʰim *Hréwgʰih₁(e) *Hréwgʰims
genitive *Hrugʰéys *? *HrugʰéyoHom
ablative *Hrugʰéys *? *Hrugʰímos, *Hrugʰíbʰos
dative *Hrugʰéyey *? *Hrugʰímos, *Hrugʰíbʰos
locative *Hrugʰéy, *Hrugʰḗy *? *Hrugʰísu
instrumental *Hrugʰíh₁ *? *Hrugʰímis, *Hrugʰíbʰis

Alternative reconstructions

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  • *rugʰís, *rugʰyós[2]
  • *wrugʰyós[3] (based on dubious inclusion of Thracian *briza, but the other languages show no trace of the supposed *w-)

Descendants

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  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rugís (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *rugiz (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

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  • Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rugi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 416

References

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  1. ^ Szemerényi, Oswald (1967) “Славянская этимология на индоевропейском фоне”, in В. А. Меркулова, transl., Вопросы языкознания (in Russian), number 4, page 23
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 164: “*rughis ~ *rughyo-”
  3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1183”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1183 of 1183, *u̯rughi̯o-
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