Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱwes-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱwes-^[1]

to puff, sigh

Alternative reconstructions

*ḱwesH-^[2]

Derived terms

*ḱwés-ti ~ *ḱus-énti (athematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwás-ti ~ *ćus-ánti
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: श्वसिति (śvasiti)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *kweseti^[3]
  - Latin: queror (“to complain”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *hwēsaną (“to wheeze”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian:^[5]
  - Sanskrit: श्वासयति (śvāsayati, “to make puff”, causative)
  - Sanskrit: श्वास (śvāsa, “breath”)
  - Proto-Iranian: [Term?] f du (“lungs”)
    - Avestan: 𐬯𐬎𐬱𐬌 (suši)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (suvá)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (suš)
    - Old Ossetic: [script needed] (sūs, sos)
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: kwäsnātär (“to bemoan”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯es-, ‘schnaufen, schnauben, seufzen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 341
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ḱu̯esh_x- ‘± breathe; sigh, groan’”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 518
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “queror, -ī ‘to complain, protest’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hwēsan- s.v. ‘to wheeze’”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 266
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “ŚVAS”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 677

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

References

Further reading