Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁ós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”) +‎ *-ós (adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*ǵenh₁ós

1. born

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*ǵenh₁ós	*ǵenh₁éh₂
genitive	*ǵenh₁ósyo	*ǵenh₁éh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵenh₁ós	*ǵenh₁óh₁	*ǵenh₁óes
vocative	*ǵenh₁é	*ǵenh₁óh₁	*ǵenh₁óes
accusative	*ǵenh₁óm	*ǵenh₁óh₁	*ǵenh₁óms
genitive	*ǵenh₁ósyo	*?	*ǵenh₁óHom
ablative	*ǵenh₁éad	*?	*ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
dative	*ǵenh₁óey	*?	*ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
locative	*ǵenh₁éy, *ǵenh₁óy	*?	*ǵenh₁óysu
instrumental	*ǵenh₁óh₁	*?	*ǵenh₁ṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵenh₁éh₂	*ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e)	*ǵenh₁éh₂es
vocative	*ǵenh₁éh₂	*ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e)	*ǵenh₁éh₂es
accusative	*ǵenh₁ā́m	*ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e)	*ǵenh₁éh₂m̥s
genitive	*ǵenh₁éh₂s	*?	*ǵenh₁éh₂oHom
ablative	*ǵenh₁éh₂s	*?	*ǵenh₁éh₂mos, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰos
dative	*ǵenh₁éh₂ey	*?	*ǵenh₁éh₂mos, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰos
locative	*ǵenh₁éh₂, *ǵenh₁éh₂i	*?	*ǵenh₁éh₂su
instrumental	*ǵenh₁éh₂h₁	*?	*ǵenh₁éh₂mis, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵenh₁óm	*ǵenh₁óy(h₁)	*ǵenh₁éh₂
vocative	*ǵenh₁óm	*ǵenh₁óy(h₁)	*ǵenh₁éh₂
accusative	*ǵenh₁óm	*ǵenh₁óy(h₁)	*ǵenh₁éh₂
genitive	*ǵenh₁ósyo	*?	*ǵenh₁óHom
ablative	*ǵenh₁éad	*?	*ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
dative	*ǵenh₁óey	*?	*ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
locative	*ǵenh₁éy, *ǵenh₁óy	*?	*ǵenh₁óysu
instrumental	*ǵenh₁óh₁	*?	*ǵenh₁ṓys

Derived terms

• *h₁su-ǵenh₁ós (“born good”)
  • Proto-Celtic: *sugenos
    • Primitive Irish: ᚄᚑᚌᚔᚅᚔ (sogini)
      • Middle Irish: Sogain (in Corcu Sogain)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suȷ́anas
    • Sanskrit: सुजन (sujana, “good person”)

Descendants

• Old Armenian: ծին (cin) (with "birth" noun from a nominalization as an i-stem, and a-stem compounds homologous to Latin -gena)
  • Armenian: ծին (cin)
• Proto-Celtic: *genos (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *-genos
  • Latin: -genus, -gena