Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵeh₂r-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Likely onomatopoeic. Compare *gerh₂- ~ *ǵerh₂-, with which there is some confusion.

Root

*ǵeh₂r-

to shout, call

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵar-^[1]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵeh₂r- (8 c, 0 e)

*ǵh₂r̥-yéti
- Proto-Celtic: *garyeti
*ǵeh₂r-u-s
- Ancient Greek: γῆρυς (gêrus)
*ǵh₂r-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *karō
*ǵh₂r-smn̥
- Proto-Celtic: *garsman^[2]
  - Old Irish: gairm
    - Irish: gairm
    - Scottish Gaelic: gairm
- Proto-Germanic: *karmaz, *karmiz (< *karzmaz)^[3]
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: garrio
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:^[4]
    - Old Persian:
      - Middle Persian: [script needed] (zryg), [script needed] (zlyk, “sorrow, suffering”)
    - Ossetian зарын (zaryn), зарун (zarun, “to sing”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “ǵar-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 161
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gar(r)man”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*karm(j)az”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*karō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “ǵar-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 161

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gar(r)man”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 152

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*karm(j)az”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210

[4] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*karō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281

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