Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/tshuŋˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *cʔaːŋ.

Noun

*tshuŋˣ

bone

Descendants

Hmongic
- Pa Hng
  - Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: qa⁰³soŋ³¹
  - Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qa⁰³suŋ³¹³
- North Hmongic
  - West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵soŋ⁴⁴
  - East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ki⁵⁵saŋ⁵⁵
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: po³⁵sʰoŋ³⁵
  - East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: suŋ³³
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: sam⁵³
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: sʰuŋ¹³
- Sheic
  - Younuo 优诺: tʰaŋ³³
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: θəŋ⁵³
  - Bana 巴那: tɬʰuŋ⁴⁴tɬʰuŋ⁴⁴
  - She - Xiashuicun 下水村: suŋ⁵⁵kɔ⁵⁵
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²səŋ⁵³
    - Nunu - Xishan 西山: son³⁵
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: saŋ¹³
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²tsʰuŋ⁵⁵
    - West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: qo⁰⁵tsʰoŋ⁵⁵
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: qə⁰²sʰã¹³
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: saŋ²³²
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: ʔa³³tsʰaɯ³³
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tsʰaŋ⁴⁴
Mienic
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): buŋ⁵²
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): buŋ⁵³
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): tθuŋ⁵⁴⁵
  - Fanghai (Tansan): θuŋ⁵⁵
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: θoŋ⁵³
  - Luoxiang: θuŋ⁵³
- Biao Min
  - Dongshan: swə³⁵
  - Shikou: sjɔŋ³⁵
  - Niuweizhai: sɿ³⁵
- Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴hiŋ²⁴

References

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)