Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/raˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Noun

*raˣ

1. urine

Descendants

• Hmongic
  • Pa Hng
    • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: ʔaŋ³⁵wi¹¹
    • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: ʔaŋ³⁵we¹¹
  • North Hmongic
    • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: ʐɑ²²
    • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ʑa⁵⁵
  • East Hmongic
    • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: va¹¹
    • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: vi²⁴¹
    • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: ʔeu⁴⁴ɣa²¹
  • Sheic
    • Younuo 优诺: va³²
    • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋkwei³¹
    • Bana 巴那: va³¹
    • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: ji⁵³
  • West Hmongic
    • Bunu
      • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ɣo²³¹
      • Nunu - Xishan 西山: via⁴⁴
      • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: ʑa⁵³
    • Core
      • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵jɛ⁵⁵
      • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²jæ⁵⁵
      • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ʐa³¹
      • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ʐɿ¹¹
      • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: vɯ³³
      • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ʐi²¹
        • White Hmong: zis
• Mienic
  • Mien
    • Guangdian (Jiangdi): wje²³¹
    • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): gwje³³
  • Kim Mun
    • Diangui (Liangzi): va³²
    • Fanghai (Tansan): va³¹
  • Biao Mon
    • Changping: va¹²¹
    • Luoxiang: wa²¹³
  • Biao Min
    • Dongshan: lɔ⁴²
    • Shikou: fu³¹
    • Niuweizhai: hja⁴³³
  • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴vjɛ⁴⁴

References

• Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 270; 286.
• Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
• Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)