Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/qluwˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Alternative reconstructions

Ostapirat (2016) reconstructs *kl- as the initial.

Etymology

Cognate with Chinese 狗 (OC *koːʔ). Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”). Old Chinese borrowed 狗 from a language that was ancestral to Hmong-Mien (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

Noun

*qluwˣ

1. dog

Descendants

• Proto-Hmong: *qlæᴮ
  • West Hmongic (Chuanqiandian)
    • Hmong
      • RPA: dev
      • Shua: dled
    • Bu-Nao Bunu: dleed
  • Hmuic
    • Hmu
      • Northern: dlad

• Proto-Mien:
  • Iu Mien: juv

• →? Chinese: 狗 (OC *koːʔ)

References

• Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 104.