Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/klæŋ

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This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

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Alternative reconstructions

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Ostapirat (2016)[1] reconstructs *kr- as the initial.

Etymology

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Noun

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*klæŋ

  1. insect

Descendants

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  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: qai³⁵
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qei³⁵
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵ci³⁵
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ke⁵³
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: kaŋ³³
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: kan²⁴
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: kan¹³
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: kæ̃⁴⁴
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: kan⁴⁴
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: kjen⁴⁴
      • Bana 巴那: keŋ¹³
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: kiŋ²²
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: kjəŋ³³
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: keŋ³³
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: kjan³³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵tɕin³¹
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²tɕin³¹
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: kõ²⁴
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: kua³²
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: pi⁵⁵kaɯ⁵⁵
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: kaŋ⁴³
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): tɕɛːŋ³³
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): kɛŋ³³
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): kjɛŋ³⁵
      • Fanghai (Tansan): kɛːŋ³⁵
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: kjeŋ³³
      • Luoxiang: kɛŋ³³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: klɛ³³
      • Shikou: klaŋ³³
      • Niuweizhai: kɣɯ³³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴tsaŋ⁴⁴

References

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  1. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)