Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/dup

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Related to 荅 (OC *[t]ˤ[ə]p, “small bean”), though the direction of borrowing is under debate. Schuessler considers the Chinese term a Hmong-Mien borrowing (Schuessler, 2007), while Ratliff considers the opposite.

Noun

*dup

1. bean

Descendants

• Hmongic
  • Pa Hng
    • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: tu⁴²
    • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: tʰu³¹
  • North Hmongic
    • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tei⁴⁴
    • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: nuŋ³⁵
  • East Hmongic
    • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: tə³¹
    • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: teu¹³
    • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: neu³⁵
    • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: pua¹³teu⁵³
  • Sheic
    • Younuo 优诺: pə⁰³to²¹
    • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: to¹²
    • Bana 巴那: to⁵³
    • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: ta⁰³tʰɔ³⁵
  • West Hmongic
    • Bunu
      • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: tu²¹
      • Nunu - Xishan 西山: ku²²tʰu²²
      • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: tɯ⁴²
    • Core
      • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵ʁo²⁴
      • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²no³¹
      • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: tə⁵⁵
      • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: tu²¹
      • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: dau⁵³
      • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tou²⁴
        • White Hmong: taum
• Mienic
  • Mien
    • Guangdian (Jiangdi): top¹²
    • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): təu²¹
  • Kim Mun
    • Diangui (Liangzi): tap²¹bei⁵⁴⁵
    • Fanghai (Tansan): ʔtɔp³²bei⁵⁵
  • Biao Mon
    • Changping: təp²¹
    • Luoxiang: top³²
  • Biao Min
    • Dongshan: ȶʰən⁴²
    • Shikou: tə²²
    • Niuweizhai: tʰwa⁵³
  • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴tup²²

References

• Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
• Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)