Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/bi̯aŋ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Areal word. Compare Austroasiatic terms like Vietnamese bông, Tibeto-Burman terms like Burmese ပန်း (pan:), Proto-Austronesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”), and Kra-Dai terms like Qabiao [script needed] (puŋ).

Noun

*bi̯aŋ

flower

Descendants

Hmongic
- Pa Hng
  - Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: pai³³
  - Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: pei³³
- North Hmongic
  - West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: pei³¹
  - East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: bei³¹
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: paŋ⁵⁵
  - East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: pan²²
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: pan³¹
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: pæ̃⁵⁵
- Sheic
  - Younuo 优诺: pan¹³
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: pen³³
  - She - Xiashuicun 下水村: pʰun³¹
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: pe¹³
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: pan⁵⁵
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵ven³¹
    - West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²wen³¹
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: põ⁵⁵
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: pua⁵³
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: bɦaɯ³⁵
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: paŋ³¹
      - White Hmong: paj
Mienic
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): pjaŋ³¹
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): pjaŋ³¹
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): faŋ³³
  - Fanghai (Tansan): faŋ³³
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: pwaŋ³¹
  - Luoxiang: pwaŋ³¹
- Biao Min
  - Dongshan: pjaŋ³¹
  - Shikou: buŋ⁵⁵
  - Niuweizhai: pjaŋ⁵³
- Dzao Min (Daping): pjaŋ⁵³

References

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 37; 280.
Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)