Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/NKan

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Compare Proto-Tai *ɣaːᴬ (“thatch grass”), Proto-Hlai *Ciɦaː (“thatch grass (Imperata cylindrica)”), Proto-Kra *kaᴬ (“cogon grass”), Proto-Austronesian *Riaq (“sword grass: Imperata cylindrica”).

Noun

*NKan

1. cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)

Descendants

• Hmongic
  • Pa Hng
    • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: so³¹qa⁰³ŋe³⁵
    • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qa⁰³nuŋ³⁵
  • North Hmongic
    • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵ntsʰɯ⁴⁴
    • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: tsʰɯ⁵⁵
  • East Hmongic
    • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: qɛ³³
    • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: njaŋ²²qei²⁴
    • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: tam¹³qa¹³
    • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: mjaŋ⁵⁵qei⁴⁴
  • Sheic
    • Younuo 优诺: ŋo⁴⁴
    • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋkan⁴⁴lau³¹
    • Bana 巴那: sai¹³mo³¹³tsʰo³⁵
    • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: kaŋ²²
  • West Hmongic
    • Bunu
      • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²ŋko³³
      • Nunu - Xishan 西山: ko²²ko³³
      • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: kjaŋ¹³ntje⁵⁵
    • Core
      • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²mbo³¹
      • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²mbo³¹
      • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ŋqĩ²⁴
      • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ŋkæn³²
      • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: tɬau⁵⁵ŋqɯ⁵⁵
      • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ŋqen⁴³
• Mienic
  • Mien
    • Guangdian (Jiangdi): gaːn³³
    • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): gaŋ³³
  • Kim Mun
    • Diangui (Liangzi): gaːn³⁵
    • Fanghai (Tansan): gaːn¹³
  • Biao Mon
    • Changping: gaːn³³
    • Luoxiang: gaːn³³
  • Biao Min
    • Dongshan: gwan³³
    • Shikou: meu⁵⁵klœ³³
    • Niuweizhai: kan³³tsʰiŋ³³mja⁵³
  • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴gɔn⁴⁴

References

• Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
• Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
• Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)