Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/N-top

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Noun

*N-top

skin

Descendants

Hmongic
- Pa Hng
  - Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: qa⁰³lju⁵⁵
  - Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qʰau³⁵ŋ̩³³
- North Hmongic
  - West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tə⁴⁴ʑu²²
  - East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ki⁰³tɕo³³ȵ̩³¹
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: tu³⁵
  - East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: to³³
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: ljɔ⁴⁴sia³¹
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: ɬjɔ³³
- Sheic
  - Younuo 优诺: ŋu¹³ku⁵⁴
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋjo³³kju³⁵
  - Bana 巴那: tɬjeu³⁵ŋ̩³¹³
  - She - Xiashuicun 下水村: jɔ³¹kʰu³³
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²to⁵³
    - Nunu - Xishan 西山: naŋ³³ (Tai loanword)
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: tɕʰou¹³kji⁴⁴
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²to⁵⁵
    - West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: qo⁰⁵to⁵⁵
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: qə⁰²tə¹³
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: tə⁴²
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: pi³³tey³³ȵɦu³⁵
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: teu⁵⁵ȵo³¹
Mienic
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): dop⁵⁵
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): dəu⁵⁴
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): dop⁵⁴
  - Fanghai (Tansan): doːp³⁵
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: dop⁵⁴
  - Luoxiang: dup⁴³
- Biao Min
  - Dongshan: din⁵³
  - Shikou: tɛ³⁵
  - Niuweizhai: dwa⁵⁵
- Dzao Min (Daping): dip⁴⁴

References

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)