Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/ʔu̯əm

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Compare Austroasiatic: Proto-Palaungic *ʔoːm, Proto-Khmuic *ʔom (Sidwell)

Noun

*ʔu̯əm

1. water

Descendants

• Hmongic
  • Pa Hng
    • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: ʔaŋ³⁵
    • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: ʔaŋ³⁵
  • North Hmongic
    • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: ʔu³⁵
    • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ʔu⁵³
  • East Hmongic
    • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: ʔə³³
    • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: ʔeu²⁴
    • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: ʔu¹³
    • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: ʔeu⁴⁴
  • Sheic
    • Younuo 优诺: ʔŋ̩⁴⁴
    • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ʔɒŋ⁴⁴
    • Bana 巴那: ʔŋ̩¹³
    • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: ʔɔŋ²²
  • West Hmongic
    • Bunu
      • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔau³³
      • Nunu - Xishan 西山: ʔaŋ³³
      • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: ʔou³³
    • Core
      • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵ʔuŋ³¹
      • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²ʔoŋ³¹
      • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ʔõ²⁴
      • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ʔaŋ³²
      • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: ʔau⁵⁵
      • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tɬe³¹
• Mienic
  • Mien
    • Guangdian (Jiangdi): wam³³
    • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): wəŋ³³
  • Kim Mun
    • Diangui (Liangzi): wam³⁵
    • Fanghai (Tansan): wɔm³⁵
  • Biao Mon
    • Changping: wəm³³
    • Luoxiang: wəm³³
  • Biao Min
    • Dongshan: ən³³
    • Shikou: vən³³
    • Niuweizhai: wən³³
  • Dzao Min (Daping): m̩²⁴

References

• Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
• Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
• Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)