Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twifaldaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *twi- +‎ *-falþaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtwi.ˌɸɑl.ðɑz/

Adjective

*twifaldaz

1. twofold; double

Inflection

Declension of *twifaldaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*twifaldaz	*twifaldō	*twifaldą, -atō		*twifaldai	*twifaldôz	*twifaldō
accusative	*twifaldanǭ	*twifaldǭ	*twifaldą, -atō		*twifaldanz	*twifaldōz	*twifaldō
genitive	*twifaldas, -is	*twifaldaizōz	*twifaldas, -is		*twifaldaizǫ̂	*twifaldaizǫ̂	*twifaldaizǫ̂
dative	*twifaldammai	*twifaldaizōi	*twifaldammai		*twifaldaimaz	*twifaldaimaz	*twifaldaimaz
instrumental	*twifaldanō	*twifaldaizō	*twifaldanō		*twifaldaimiz	*twifaldaimiz	*twifaldaimiz
Weak declension
	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*twifaldô	*twifaldǭ	*twifaldô		*twifaldaniz	*twifaldōniz	*twifaldōnō
accusative	*twifaldanų	*twifaldōnų	*twifaldô		*twifaldanunz	*twifaldōnunz	*twifaldōnō
genitive	*twifaldiniz	*twifaldōniz	*twifaldiniz		*twifaldanǫ̂	*twifaldōnǫ̂	*twifaldanǫ̂
dative	*twifaldini	*twifaldōni	*twifaldini		*twifaldammaz	*twifaldōmaz	*twifaldammaz
instrumental	*twifaldinē	*twifaldōnē	*twifaldinē		*twifaldammiz	*twifaldōmiz	*twifaldammiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *twifald
  • Old English: twifeald
    • Middle English: twifald, twifold
      • English: twifold
  • Old Frisian: twifald
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: twifaldich, twifaldech
  • Old Saxon: *twifald
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: *twifaldig
      • Middle Low German: twēvaldich, twēvēldich, twēvōldich
  • Old Dutch: twifald
    • Middle Dutch: twevout
      • Dutch: tweevoud
  • Old High German: zwifalt
    • Middle High German: zwifalt, zwivalt
      • German: zwiefalt
    • ⇒ Old High German: unzwifalt
    • ⇒ Old High German: zwifaltlīh
• Old Norse: tvífaldr
  • Icelandic: tvífaldur, tvöfaldur
  • ⇒ Swedish: tvåfaldig