Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stahlą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stahlaz, *stahalaz (“firm, fast”), from Proto-Indo-European *stek- (“to be firm, stand fast”). Cognate with Old Prussian pannu-staclan (“fire-striker”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑx.lɑ̃/

Noun

*stahlą n

1. steel

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *stahlą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stahlą	*stahlō
vocative	*stahlą	*stahlō
accusative	*stahlą	*stahlō
genitive	*stahlas, *stahlis	*stahlǫ̂
dative	*stahlai	*stahlamaz
instrumental	*stahlō	*stahlamiz

Derived terms

• *stahliją
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stahlī
• *stahlijaną

Related terms

• *stagilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stahl, *stahlī (northern)
  • Old Saxon: *stāl
    • Middle Low German: stâl
      • German Low German: Stahl
      • Low German: staal
      • Plautdietsch: Stol
  • Old Dutch: stāl
    • Middle Dutch: stâel
      • Dutch: staal
        • Afrikaans: staal
          • → Xhosa: isitali
        • Negerhollands: staal
        • → Papiamentu: stal, staal
      • Limburgish: stjaol
      • West Flemish: stoal
  • Old High German: stahal, stāl
    • Middle High German: stahel, stāl (especially Central German), stachel, stagel (Upper German)
      • Alemannic German: Staal
      • German: Stahl (see there for further descendants)
      • Hunsrik: Staal
      • Luxembourgish: Stol
      • Yiddish: שטאָל (shtol)
• Old Norse: stál
  • Icelandic: stál
  • Faroese: stál
  • Norwegian: stål
  • Elfdalian: stą̊l
  • Old Swedish: stāl
    • Swedish: stål
  • Danish: stål