Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīkraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *spīkrijaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“long, sharp”).

Noun

*spīkraz m

1. nail, spike

Inflection

Declension of *spīkraz (a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*spīkraz	*spīkrōz, -ōs
Vocative	*spīkr	*spīkrōz, -ōs
Accusative	*spīkrą	*spīkranz
Genitive	*spīkras, -is	*spīkrǫ̂
Dative	*spīkrai	*spīkramaz
Instrumental	*spīkrō	*spīkramiz

Related terms

• *spaikō
• *spīkaz
• *spīkō

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spīkr, *spīkrī
  • Old Frisian: *spīker
    • North Frisian: spiker
    • Saterland Frisian: Spieker
    • West Frisian: spiker
  • Old Saxon: *spīkar, *spīkari
    • Middle Low German: spîkære, spîker
      • German Low German: Spieker
      • → Danish: spiger
      • → Norwegian: spiker
      • → Faroese: spíkari
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: spîkærenāgel, spîkernāgel
        • German Low German: Spiekernagel
  • Old Dutch: *spīkari, spīkere
    • Middle Dutch: spiker
      • Dutch: spijker
  • Old High German: *spīhhar, *spīhhari
    • Middle High German: spīchære, spīcher, spicher
      • German: Speicher
      • ⇒ Middle High German: spīchærenagel, spīchernagel
        • German: Speichernagel
• Old Norse: spíkr (merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *spīkaz)
  • Icelandic: spíkur
  • Old Swedish: spīker
    • Swedish: spik
  • Danish: spig