Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/samdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *sandaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos (“sand”), likely borrowed from a Western European substrate. Cognate with Ancient Greek ψᾰ́μμος (psắmmos), ἄμαθος (ámathos, “sand”), Latin sabulum (“coarse sand, gravel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑm.dɑz/

Noun

*samdaz m

1. sand

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *samdaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*samdaz	*samdōz, *samdōs
vocative	*samd	*samdōz, *samdōs
accusative	*samdą	*samdanz
genitive	*samdas, *samdis	*samdǫ̂
dative	*samdai	*samdamaz
instrumental	*samdō	*samdamiz

Derived terms

• *samdakurną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *samd, *sand
  • Old English: sand
    • Middle English: sand, sande, sond, sonde, saunde
      • English: sand
      • Scots: sand
      • Yola: zoane
  • Old Frisian: sand
    • North Frisian:
      • Föhr: sun
      • Hallig: söön
      • Heligoland: Sun
      • Mooring: sönj
    • Saterland Frisian: Sound
    • West Frisian: sân
  • Old Saxon: sand
    • Middle Low German: sant
      • Low German: Sand
      • Plautdietsch: Saunt
  • Old Dutch: *sant
    • Middle Dutch: sant
      • Dutch: zand
  • Old High German: sant, *samt
    • Middle High German: sant; sampt, sambt
      • German: Sand
      • Luxembourgish: Sand
      • Vilamovian: zaond
      • Yiddish: זאַמד (zamd)
• Old Norse: sandr
  • Icelandic: sandur
    • → English: sandur
    • → German: Sander
  • Faroese: sandur
  • Norn: sand
  • Norwegian Bokmål: sand
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: sand
  • Old Swedish: sander
    • Swedish: sand
  • Old Danish: sand
    • Danish: sand
  • Elfdalian: sand
  • Gutnish: sand
• → Proto-Samic: *sāntē (see there for further descendants)