Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sōl
 |
This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wén-s (“sun”), though how and as what inflection type is uncertain. Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil) and Old Norse sól point to *s(ᵉ/ₒ)h₂wel- and *sᵉ/ₒh₂wul-, respectively,[1] which perhaps suggests an inherited l/n-stem paradigm *sōl (< *sōwul[notes 1]) ~ *sawiniz (or consonant stem *sōl ~ *sawiliz), with the Gothic leveled from the weak case.[2]
Alternatively reconstructed as *sōel (< *sōwel) ~ *suniz, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és,[3] and although this would account for the Gothic form, is problematic for the West Germanic and Old Norse forms, where one might expect the outcome in Old Saxon to be **sō(w)el, **sō(w)il, compare Old Saxon hnōil, from Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (“planer”).
Noun
[edit]Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *sōlō (< *sōwulō[5][6][7][8])
- *sōel ~ *sunnaz[3][4]
- *sōelą (< *sōwelą[5][9][10])
- *sōelō (< *sōwelō[9])
- *sōilą (< *sōwilą[7][8])
- *sōilō (< *sōwilō[11])
Reconstruction notes
[edit]- ^ With the loss of *w between a stressed vowel and *u (*w > ∅ / V́_*u), followed by Mahlow's Law (*ōu > *ō / _C{#,V}).
Related terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *sōl f (consonant stem)
- Old Norse: sól f, ᛋᚢᛚ (sul), ᛌᚢᛚ (sul) — nominative singular, Runic form, ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) — dative singular, 600s, Runic form (rebuilt strong ō-stem)
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 n (sauil)
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 881: “got. sauil n. (*sōwila-), aisl. sōl f. (*sōwulā)”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 136; 227: “PGmc *sō̄l”
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*soel- ~ *sunnōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 463-464
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “sā́u̯el-, sāu̯ol-, suu̯él-, su̯el-, sūl-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 881: “*sōwila-; *sōwulā”
- ^ Nedoma, Robert (2017–2018) “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The documentation of Germanic, page 877: “*sōwulō”}
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*séh₂u̯el-, *sh₂(u)u̯en(?)-, *sh₂un-, *suh₂l-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 606: “germ. *sōwil-; germ. *sō(w)ul-”
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hellquist, Elof (1922) “sol”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary][3] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 821: “*sōwil- (-ul, *sowl-?; med bortfall av w i nord. spr.)”
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sōwelan ~ *sowelō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361
- ^ Heidermanns, Frank (1993) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica; 33) (in German), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 81: “sōwela-”
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*séhₐul”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 556: “*sōwilō”