Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/muþraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *múHtrom (“excrement, filth”).

Noun

*muþraz m

1. sediment

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *muþraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*muþraz	*muþrōz, *muþrōs
vocative	*muþr	*muþrōz, *muþrōs
accusative	*muþrą	*muþranz
genitive	*muþras, *muþris	*muþrǫ̂
dative	*muþrai	*muþramaz
instrumental	*muþrō	*muþramiz

Descendants

• Middle Low German: modder, modde, mōde (“mud”)
  • German Low German: modder (“mud”)
    • → German: Modder (“mud”)
  • → Middle High German: moder (“mold, swamp”)
    • German: Moder (“decomposing mass, moldiness”)
• Middle Dutch: modder (“filth”)
  • Dutch: modder (“mud”), moeder (dialectal)
    • Afrikaans: modder
    • Negerhollands: moder