Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/listiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably formed from the root of *lizaną (“to know, understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow, trail, trace”), equivalent to *lizaną +‎ *-þiz. Compare also Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn (“to learn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlis.tiz/

Noun

*listiz f

1. art, craft
2. cunning, guile

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *listiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*listiz	*listīz
vocative	*listi	*listīz
accusative	*listį	*listinz
genitive	*listīz	*listijǫ̂
dative	*listī	*listimaz
instrumental	*listī	*listimiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *listi
  • Old English: list
    • Middle English: liste
      • English: list
      • Scots: list
  • Old Frisian: list, lest
    • Saterland Frisian: List
    • West Frisian: list
  • Old Saxon: list
    • Middle Low German: list
      • German Low German: List
      • Low German: list
  • Old Dutch: list
    • Middle Dutch: list
      • Dutch: list
  • Old High German: list
    • Middle High German: list
      • German: List
• Old Norse: list
  • Icelandic: list
  • Faroese: list
  • Old Swedish: list
    • Swedish: list
  • Danish: list
• Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)
  • → Proto-Slavic: *lь̏stь (see there for further descendants)
• →⇒? Vulgar Latin: *listus
  • Catalan: llest
  • Spanish: listo
  • Italian: lesto
    • → Maltese: lest
  • Portuguese: lesto