Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwalō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kwēlō

Etymology

An ō-stem nominal derived from *kwelaną (“to suffer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷɑ.lɔː/

Noun

*kwalō f

1. suffering, pain

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *kwalō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kwalō	*kwalôz
vocative	*kwalō	*kwalôz
accusative	*kwalǭ	*kwalōz
genitive	*kwalōz	*kwalǫ̂
dative	*kwalōi	*kwalōmaz
instrumental	*kwalō	*kwalōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kwalu
  • Old English: cwalu
    • Middle English: qual
• Old Norse: kvǫl
  • Icelandic: kvöl
  • Faroese: kvøl
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kval
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kval
  • Old Swedish: qval
    • Swedish: kval
  • Old Danish: qval, kwal
    • Danish: kval
• Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌻 (*qal)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌻 (anaqal)
• →? Proto-Finnic: *valo (see there for further descendants)