Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kumbraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gm̥ros, from Proto-Indo-European *gem-. Cognate with Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”). An uncertain reconstruction; note that many etymologists view the given descendants as being derived from Latin or a Celtic language (see the etymology at German Kummer).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkum.brɑz/

Noun

*kumbraz m

1. sorrow, burden, trouble

Declension

masculine a-stemDeclension of *kumbraz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kumbraz	*kumbrōz, *kumbrōs
vocative	*kumbr	*kumbrōz, *kumbrōs
accusative	*kumbrą	*kumbranz
genitive	*kumbras, *kumbris	*kumbrǫ̂
dative	*kumbrai	*kumbramaz
instrumental	*kumbrō	*kumbramiz

Descendants

• Old Frisian: kummer
• Middle Dutch: commer, comber
  • Dutch: kommer
    • Afrikaans: kommer
• Middle High German: kumber, kummer
  • German: Kummer
  • Luxembourgish: Kommer

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN