Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krupilaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kreupaną (“to crawl, writhe”) +‎ *-ilaz (“agent noun suffix”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkru.pi.lɑz/

Noun

*krupilaz m

1. a cripple

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *krupilaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*krupilaz	*krupilōz, *krupilōs
vocative	*krupil	*krupilōz, *krupilōs
accusative	*krupilą	*krupilanz
genitive	*krupilas, *krupilis	*krupilǫ̂
dative	*krupilai	*krupilamaz
instrumental	*krupilō	*krupilamiz

Related terms

• *kreupaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *krupil
  • Old English: crypel
    • Middle English: crüpel, crepel, cripel
      • English: cripple, (dialectal) creeple
      • Scots: crepill, cripill, crippill, crupple
  • Old Frisian: *krepel
    • Saterland Frisian: Krepel
    • West Frisian: krepel, kreupel
  • Old Saxon: *krupil
    • Middle Low German: kropel, krȫpel, kröppel
      • German Low German: Kröpel
      • → Middle High German: krupel, kruppel, krüpel, krüppel
        • German: Krüppel
  • Old Dutch: *crupil
    • Middle Dutch: cropel
      • Dutch: kreupel
• Old Norse: kryppill
  • Danish: krøbbel; krøbling
  • Icelandic: kryppill
  • Faroese: krypil; kryplingur
  • Norwegian: krøpling
  • Swedish: krympling