Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade derivation of *klībaną (“to stick”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkli.βɑ̃/

Noun

*klibą n

1. cliff, rock

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *klibą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*klibą	*klibō
vocative	*klibą	*klibō
accusative	*klibą	*klibō
genitive	*klibas, *klibis	*klibǫ̂
dative	*klibai	*klibamaz
instrumental	*klibō	*klibamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *klib
  • Old English: clif
    • Middle English: clyf, clif
      • English: cliff
      • Scots: clyft, clift
  • Old Frisian: *klif
    • Saterland Frisian: Klif
    • West Frisian: klif
  • Old Saxon: klif, *klib
    • Middle Low German: klif, klēf, kleif, klēv, klēb, kleff, klē
      • → German: Kliff n
      • ⇒? Middle Low German: klippe f
        • German Low German: Klipp
        • → Middle High German: klippe, kliffe f
          • German: Klippe
        • → Danish: klippe
  • Old Dutch: *klif
    • Middle Dutch: klif, klef
      • Dutch: klif
  • Old High German: kleb, klep, klif
    • → Lombard: cepp, scepp
• Old Norse: klif
  • Icelandic: klif
  • Faroese: kliv

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN