Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kreg-, *krek-, *kerk- (“to crow, croak”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to crow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxrɔː.kɑz/

Noun

*hrōkaz m

1. rook, crow

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hrōkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrōkaz	*hrōkōz, *hrōkōs
vocative	*hrōk	*hrōkōz, *hrōkōs
accusative	*hrōką	*hrōkanz
genitive	*hrōkas, *hrōkis	*hrōkǫ̂
dative	*hrōkai	*hrōkamaz
instrumental	*hrōkō	*hrōkamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hrōk
  • Old English: hrōc
    • Middle English: roc, roke, rook
      • Scots: ruke, ruik
      • English: rook
  • Old Frisian:
    • Saterland Frisian: Rouk
    • West Frisian: roek
  • Old Saxon: hrōk
    • Middle Low German: rôk, rôke
      • German Low German: Rook
      • Low German: rok
  • Old Dutch: *ruok
    • Middle Dutch: roec
      • Dutch: roek
  • Old High German: hruoh, ruoh; hruoho, ruoho
    • Middle High German: ruoch
      • German: Ruch
  • → Vulgar Latin: *frocum (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: hrókr
  • Icelandic: hrókur
  • Faroese: rókur
  • Norwegian: rok
  • Old Swedish: roker, roka
    • Swedish: råka
  • Danish: råge
• Burgundian: hrōks (in personal names)