Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz +‎ *-gaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.du.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*handugaz

1. handy; skillful with the hands; dextrous

Inflection

Declension of *handugaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugaz	*handugai	*handugō	*handugôz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Accusative	*handuganǭ	*handuganz	*handugǭ	*handugōz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Genitive	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugaizōz	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂
Dative	*handugammai	*handugaimaz	*handugaizōi	*handugaimaz	*handugammai	*handugaimaz
Instrumental	*handuganō	*handugaimiz	*handugaizō	*handugaimiz	*handuganō	*handugaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugô	*handuganiz	*handugǭ	*handugōniz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Accusative	*handuganų	*handuganunz	*handugōnų	*handugōnunz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Genitive	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂	*handugōniz	*handugōnǫ̂	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂
Dative	*handugini	*handugammaz	*handugōni	*handugōmaz	*handugini	*handugammaz
Instrumental	*handuginē	*handugammiz	*handugōnē	*handugōmiz	*handuginē	*handugammiz

Derived terms

• *handugį̄

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *handug, *handag, *handīg
  • Old English: *hendiġ
    • Middle English: hendi, handy
      • Scots: handy
      • English: handy
    • ⇒ Old English: listhendiġ
  • Old Frisian: *handich, *hondich
    • Saterland Frisian: handich, houndich
    • West Frisian: handich
  • Old Saxon: *handig, *hendig
    • Middle Low German: handich, hendich
      • German Low German: handig
      • → Saterland Frisian: jäntich
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: hendig
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: hendig
      • → Swedish: händig
      • → Danish: hændig
        • → Faroese: hendigur
  • Old Dutch: *handig
    • Middle Dutch: handich
      • Dutch: handig
        • Afrikaans: handig
  • Old High German: hantag, hantīg
    • Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic
      • German: handig, händig
• Old Norse: hǫndugr
  • Icelandic: höndugur
  • Faroese: handigur
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 (handugs)
• → Proto-Slavic: *xǫdogъjь, *xǫdogъ
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)
      • Russian: худо́жник (xudóžnik)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)
      • → Russian: художество (xudožestvo)
      • Bulgarian: художество (hudožestvo)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: chędogi

References

• Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎^[1], Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 155