Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grindiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰréndʰ-is, from *gʰrendʰ- (“beam, plank”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrin.diz/

Noun

*grindiz f

1. fence

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *grindiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*grindiz	*grindīz
vocative	*grindi	*grindīz
accusative	*grindį	*grindinz
genitive	*grindīz	*grindijǫ̂
dative	*grindī	*grindimaz
instrumental	*grindī	*grindimiz

Derived terms

• *grindilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grindil
  • Old English: grindel
  • Old Saxon: grindil, grendil
    • Middle Low German: grindel, grendel
      • German Low German: Grendel, Grinnel, Grennel
  • Old Dutch: grindel
    • Middle Dutch: grindel, grendel
      • Dutch: grendel
        • Afrikaans: grendel
        • → Caribbean Javanese: grèndhèl
        • → Indonesian: gerendel
        • → Javanese: ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦭ꧀ (grèndhèl), grendel
        • → Papiamentu: rèndu, grendel, grender
  • Old High German: grintil, crintil, grindil, krindil
    • Middle High German: grintel, grindel, grendel
      • German: Grindel
• Old Norse: grind
  • Icelandic: grind
  • Faroese: grind
  • Old Swedish: grind
    • Swedish: grind
  • → Scots: grind (Shetland, Orkney)

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “*grindi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190