Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/graftuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *grabaną (“to dig”) +‎ *-þuz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣrɑɸ.tuz/

Noun

*graftuz m

1. digging, carving

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *graftuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*graftuz	*graftiwiz
vocative	*graftu	*graftiwiz
accusative	*graftų	*graftunz
genitive	*graftauz	*graftiwǫ̂
dative	*graftiwi	*graftumaz
instrumental	*graftū	*graftumiz

Descendants

The West Germanic languages remodeled the word as a ti-stem.

• Old English: græft
  • Middle English: græf, graf, grave (partially)
• Old Frisian: greft
  • Saterland Frisian: Grääft
  • West Frisian: grêft
• Old Saxon: *graft
  • Middle Low German: graft, gracht
    • German Low German: Gracht
• Old Dutch: *graft (in placenames)
  • Middle Dutch: gracht, graft, grecht, greft
    • Dutch: gracht
      • Afrikaans: grag
      • → German: Gracht
• Old High German: graft
  • Middle High German: graft; (northwestern) graht, *greht
    • German: Graft (archaic)
    • Luxembourgish: Griecht, Gruecht
• Old Norse: grǫptr, grǫftr
  • Icelandic: gröftur