Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fuglaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely dissimilated from earlier *fluglaz, from pre-Proto-Germanic *pluk-ló-s, from *pleuketi (“to fly”) (whence Proto-Germanic *fleuganą) + *-lós (agent noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”).^[1]^[2] Parallel construction with *flugilaz (“wing”), from *fleuganą +‎ *-ilaz. Alternatively cognate with Lithuanian paũkštis (“bird”), itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *powk-sti-s, from presumed root *pewk-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸuɣ.lɑz/

Noun

*fuglaz m^[1]^[2]

bird

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *fuglaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fuglaz	fuglōz, fuglōs
vocative	*fugl	fuglōz, fuglōs
accusative	*fuglą	*fuglanz
genitive	fuglas, fuglis	*fuglǫ̂
dative	*fuglai	*fuglamaz
instrumental	*fuglō	*fuglamiz

Related terms

*flugulaz (“able to fly; flying (swiftly)”)
- Proto-West Germanic: *flugol
  - Old English: flugol
- Old Norse: flogall (“volatile”)
*flukkaz (“flock”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *fugl
- Old English: fugol, fugel, fugul, *flugol — attested as fluglas (pl)
  - Middle English: fowel, fowele, foul, foghel, fuȝel, foȝel, foughel, fouel, fowl
    - English: fowl
    - Scots: foul, fule
    - Yola: fowlès (plural)
- Old Frisian: fugel
  - North Frisian:
    - Föhr-Amrum: fögel
    - Hallig: fugel
    - Goesharde and Mooring: föögel
  - Saterland Frisian: Fúgel, Fuugel
  - West Frisian: fûgel
- Old Saxon: fugal
  - Middle Low German: vōgel
    - German Low German: Vogel, Vögel
    - Low German: Vagel, Vögel
    - Plautdietsch: Voagel
- Old Dutch: fogal, vogal
  - Middle Dutch: vōgel
    - Dutch: vogel, veugel (obsolete), fogel
      - Afrikaans: voël
        → English: voël
      - Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
      - Negerhollands: vogel
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
      - →? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
        → Saramaccan: fóu
    - Limburgish: vogel, voeagel
    - West Flemish: veugel
    - Zealandic: veugel
- Old High German: fogal, fugal
  - Middle High German: vogel
    - Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel
    - Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling), Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)
      Hunsrik: Foghel
      Kölsch: Furrel
    - Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl
    - German: Vogel
    - Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: Voggel
    - Vilamovian: föguł
    - Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)
Old Norse: fogl, fugl
- Icelandic: fugl
- Faroese: fuglur
- Norn: fugl, ful
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fugl; (dialectal) fogl, føgl, faugl
- Jamtish: fugł
- Elfdalian: fugel
- Old Swedish: fughl, foghl, ᚠᚢᚵᚼᛚ
  - Swedish: fågel, fogel
    - → Finnish: fogeli (Helsinki)
- Old Danish: fughl
  - Danish: fugl
    - Norwegian Bokmål: fugl
  - Scanian: fuğl
- Gutnish: fäugel
Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃 (fugls)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fugla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fuʒlaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 116–117

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*fugla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*fuʒlaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 116–117

[1]

[2]