Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijahalsaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frijaz (“free”) +‎ *halsaz (“neck”), thus "having a free (unhampered by a yoke, chain, etc.) neck" > "being free, freedom".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.jɑ.ˌxɑl.sɑz/

Noun

*frijahalsaz m

1. freedom, liberty, the state of not being constrained or imprisoned

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *frijahalsaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*frijahalsaz	*frijahalsōz, *frijahalsōs
vocative	*frijahals	*frijahalsōz, *frijahalsōs
accusative	*frijahalsą	*frijahalsanz
genitive	*frijahalsas, *frijahalsis	*frijahalsǫ̂
dative	*frijahalsai	*frijahalsamaz
instrumental	*frijahalsō	*frijahalsamiz

Derived terms

• *frijahalsōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frijahals
  • Old English: frēols
    • Middle English: freols
  • Old High German: frīhals
    • Middle High German: vrīhals
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (freihals)

Adjective

*frijahalsaz

1. free, at liberty, unconstrained

Inflection

Declension of *frijahalsaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*frijahalsaz	*frijahalsai	*frijahalsō	*frijahalsôz	*frijahalsą, -atō	*frijahalsō
Accusative	*frijahalsanǭ	*frijahalsanz	*frijahalsǭ	*frijahalsōz	*frijahalsą, -atō	*frijahalsō
Genitive	*frijahalsas, -is	*frijahalsaizǫ̂	*frijahalsaizōz	*frijahalsaizǫ̂	*frijahalsas, -is	*frijahalsaizǫ̂
Dative	*frijahalsammai	*frijahalsaimaz	*frijahalsaizōi	*frijahalsaimaz	*frijahalsammai	*frijahalsaimaz
Instrumental	*frijahalsanō	*frijahalsaimiz	*frijahalsaizō	*frijahalsaimiz	*frijahalsanō	*frijahalsaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*frijahalsô	*frijahalsaniz	*frijahalsǭ	*frijahalsōniz	*frijahalsô	*frijahalsōnō
Accusative	*frijahalsanų	*frijahalsanunz	*frijahalsōnų	*frijahalsōnunz	*frijahalsô	*frijahalsōnō
Genitive	*frijahalsiniz	*frijahalsanǫ̂	*frijahalsōniz	*frijahalsōnǫ̂	*frijahalsiniz	*frijahalsanǫ̂
Dative	*frijahalsini	*frijahalsammaz	*frijahalsōni	*frijahalsōmaz	*frijahalsini	*frijahalsammaz
Instrumental	*frijahalsinē	*frijahalsammiz	*frijahalsōnē	*frijahalsōmiz	*frijahalsinē	*frijahalsammiz

Derived terms

• *frijahalsōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frijahals
  • Old English: frēols
    • Middle English: freols
• Old Norse: frjáls
  • Icelandic: frjáls
  • Faroese: frælsur
  • Old Gutnish: frels
  • Old Swedish: fræls
  • Old Danish: fræls
  • ⇒ Old Norse: frjálsi, frelsi m (“rescue”)
    • Icelandic: frjálsi, frelsi
    • Faroese: frælsi
    • Norwegian: frelse
    • Swedish: frälse
      • → Finnish: rälssi
    • Danish: frelse