Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-[1]) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).[2]
Likely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)[3] and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).[1][4][5]
De Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).[6]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]*fēlaz[5]
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *fēlaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *fēlaz | *fēlai | *fēlō | *fēlôz | *fēlą, -atō | *fēlō |
| Accusative | *fēlanǭ | *fēlanz | *fēlǭ | *fēlōz | *fēlą, -atō | *fēlō |
| Genitive | *fēlas, -is | *fēlaizǫ̂ | *fēlaizōz | *fēlaizǫ̂ | *fēlas, -is | *fēlaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *fēlammai | *fēlaimaz | *fēlaizōi | *fēlaimaz | *fēlammai | *fēlaimaz |
| Instrumental | *fēlanō | *fēlaimiz | *fēlaizō | *fēlaimiz | *fēlanō | *fēlaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *fēlô | *fēlaniz | *fēlǭ | *fēlōniz | *fēlô | *fēlōnō |
| Accusative | *fēlanų | *fēlanunz | *fēlōnų | *fēlōnunz | *fēlô | *fēlōnō |
| Genitive | *fēliniz | *fēlanǫ̂ | *fēlōniz | *fēlōnǫ̂ | *fēliniz | *fēlanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *fēlini | *fēlammaz | *fēlōni | *fēlōmaz | *fēlini | *fēlammaz |
| Instrumental | *fēlinē | *fēlammiz | *fēlōnē | *fēlōmiz | *fēlinē | *fēlammiz |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-West Germanic: *fāl
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland
- Old Saxon: *fāland
- Old Dutch: *fālant
- Old High German: fālant
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini
- Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina
- Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)
- Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina
- Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne
- Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland
- ⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)
- Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pelh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 469-470
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pel-1”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 801: “G. Wörter für 'schwingen, schütteln, zittern, hin- und herbewegen'”
- ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “us-filma”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 381
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1167: “πελεμίζω”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Köbler, Gerhard: Germanisches Wörterbuch, (5. Auflage) 2014: F
- ^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “felmsfullr”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 117
- ^ “fæl” in Den Danske Ordbog
- ^ de Vries, Jan (1977) “fæla”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 149