Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunkaraz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Similar to *dunkalaz (“dark”), a zero-grade adjective related to *dinkwa-, *dankwaz (“dark”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]*dunkaraz
Inflection
[edit]Declension of *dunkaraz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *dunkaraz | *dunkarai | *dunkarō | *dunkarôz | *dunkarą, -atō | *dunkarō |
| Accusative | *dunkaranǭ | *dunkaranz | *dunkarǭ | *dunkarōz | *dunkarą, -atō | *dunkarō |
| Genitive | *dunkaras, -is | *dunkaraizǫ̂ | *dunkaraizōz | *dunkaraizǫ̂ | *dunkaras, -is | *dunkaraizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *dunkarammai | *dunkaraimaz | *dunkaraizōi | *dunkaraimaz | *dunkarammai | *dunkaraimaz |
| Instrumental | *dunkaranō | *dunkaraimiz | *dunkaraizō | *dunkaraimiz | *dunkaranō | *dunkaraimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *dunkarô | *dunkaraniz | *dunkarǭ | *dunkarōniz | *dunkarô | *dunkarōnō |
| Accusative | *dunkaranų | *dunkaranunz | *dunkarōnų | *dunkarōnunz | *dunkarô | *dunkarōnō |
| Genitive | *dunkariniz | *dunkaranǫ̂ | *dunkarōniz | *dunkarōnǫ̂ | *dunkariniz | *dunkaranǫ̂ |
| Dative | *dunkarini | *dunkarammaz | *dunkarōni | *dunkarōmaz | *dunkarini | *dunkarammaz |
| Instrumental | *dunkarinē | *dunkarammiz | *dunkarōnē | *dunkarōmiz | *dunkarinē | *dunkarammiz |
Synonyms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Guus Kroonen (2013) “dunkla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109